1 hour essay

4/11/2012

Discuss ethical considerations related to research conducted in genetic influences on behavior. (1 hour essay)

Identify ethical considerations. List and briefly describe why this is an ethical consideration in research on genetic influences on behavior. There are many possible answers. Go!

10 Comments

Gabby Quinn

4/22/2012 10:30:33 am

According to the findings a patient may attribute behavior to genetics.
When we discussed criminal behavior we discussed Jahoda (1954) study on Ashanti people in Ghana. There was a tradition of the culture to name the boys based on the day of the week they were born which would also serve to predict their future. It was seen that the boys had exerted behavior in accordance with their prediction more often than not. He based his findings off the number of arrests for boys born on each day of the weak.
It is possible that this threat of a self-fulfilling prophecy could manifest in the participants after/ during the study

Mrs. Brown

4/22/2012 10:49:42 pm

You need to focus on ethical concerns in your answer. I don't see any reference to ethics. Also - this is an hour long essay - you NEED to incorporate more studies/research. I think twin studies are a great option. Can someone explain how to use twin studies with this question?

Maiken Nicolaisen

4/23/2012 10:30:24 am

Brief response to usage of twin studies...
(pgs. 52, 54, 55)
Twin studies, especially those of identical twins, are a great asset for psychology studies, because it enables the researcher to study the effect of environment on individuals. Since identical twins come from a single egg, their DNA is exactly the same, which covers the biological aspect of studying behavior. For example, we have the Minnesota Twin Study, which has been going on since 1979. In the study, identical twins raised apart (MZAs) are compared to identical twins raised together (MZTs). Bouchard found that 70% of intelligence can be attributed to genetics; therefore, 30% of intelligence can be attributed to a variety of other factors. Although very beneficial to understanding human behavior, there are criticisms of the study: reliance on media to recruit participants, ethical concerns regarding how he reunited twins, not enough control to establish the frequency of contact between the twins, and we cannot assume that twins who are raised together experience the same environment (aka "equal environment assumption").

Mrs. Brown

4/26/2012 07:12:40 am

This ties in the twin research - but you still need more emphasis on ETHICS!!! Be careful - read the question and make sure you answer the question. You need to consider ethical considerations with the research you mention.

Alice Cheng

4/30/2012 06:24:06 am

Researchers aim to identify particular genes involved in hereditary diseases
-this kind of research may risk the normal lives of participants b/c of the link between genetic heritage and ppl's life
-genetic info obtained from this can be problematic of family of participant-> if misused, genetic info can be harmful and affect people's ability in obtaining necessities (jobs/life insurance)
Participants must know how their privacy and confidentiality will be protected
-must know what will happen to any genetic material or info obtained by study
-aims and procedures of research must be explained explicitly and participants must sign an informed consent paper to show clear understanding of study (as well as implications of study, including harm)
-confidentiality and privacy can be protected by coding info/fully anonymizing sample->this protects confidentiality from insurance companies, employers, police, etc and can limit the scientific value of study by preventing follow-up/further investigation
Genetic research may reveal unexpected info and can harm participants
-unrevealed adoptions, misattributed paternity, etc
-person may be a carrier for a dangerous genetic disorder without them knowing->result in stress for participant bc he/she fears its potential onset

Mrs. Brown

4/30/2012 06:38:31 am

Great focus on ethics. Can you tie a specific disorder into this answer? - for example consider the topic of the diathesis-stress hypothesis for depression and what the ethical considerations are for doing research. It would be great to throw in info about twin research too. Discuss how to do twin research with the diathesis-stress hypothesis for depression.

Alice

4/30/2012 06:46:36 am

Alright, so how to tie it in, should I just give evidence to research regarding genetic influences (i.e Minnesota Twin Study- MZ, DZ twins, concordance rates, family studies, adoption studies, etc)? Also, for the diathesis stress model, I can't find many ethical considerations, per say. I know it argues that depression may be the result of "genetic vulnerability" and traumatic environmental stimuli, but I do not see any ethics involved?

Ray

5/1/2012 04:35:11 am

I'm not in this class, but my IB psychology exam is tomorrow so this is a great review. I would say that since according to the diathesis stress model depression may be the result of interaction between genetic vulnerability and traumatic environmental stimuli, researching on identical twins would be a good option because it could suggest why one twin experienced depression and the other did not. If the twins were raised separately, then the depression might solely rely on the environment, but if they were raised together then the same environment might have been perceived differently. Ethically it might be wrong to test this because if the theory of epigenetics is true then then the first twin's depression might have been triggered as a result of the environmental stimulus which this twin perceived as traumatic. If this is traumatic childhood is reviewed with both twins, it might trigger the depression in the second twin because the second twin is now seeing his childhood from the traumatic perspective. I would also throw in something about the inhibition of serotonin release that causes depression stimulated from the changed cognitive perception of the childhood or something. this might actually just be very exccessive and unneccessary

Alice Cheng

5/1/2012 04:42:29 am

Ohhhhh! That's a good point! haha, thanks!

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